{"id":5172,"date":"2024-05-31T06:51:53","date_gmt":"2024-05-31T06:51:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.vera.es\/cultura\/?p=5172"},"modified":"2024-12-03T08:19:49","modified_gmt":"2024-12-03T08:19:49","slug":"corpus-christi-fiesta-grande-desde-el-siglo-xvi-gabriel-flores-garrido","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blog.vera.es\/cultura\/2024\/05\/31\/corpus-christi-fiesta-grande-desde-el-siglo-xvi-gabriel-flores-garrido\/","title":{"rendered":"CORPUS CHRISTI: FIESTA GRANDE DESDE EL SIGLO XVI. Gabriel Flores Garrido"},"content":{"rendered":"

Art\u00edculo escrito por Gabriel Flores Garrido, cronista oficial de Vera (Almer\u00eda). Includes English version at the end. Includes English version at the end (elaborada por Francisco Javier Mart\u00ednez Castro).<\/p>\n

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CORPUS CHRISTI: FIESTA GRANDE DESDE EL SIGLO XVI<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tal vez la festividad del Corpus, pr\u00f3xima a celebrarse, sea un buen motivo para comenzar mi labor, desde el puesto de cronista oficial de Vera, que generosamente me ha sido asignado.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Por su significado para el mundo cat\u00f3lico, constituyendo uno de los pilares de su fe, por su coincidencia en el tiempo con el nombramiento mencionado y por la tradici\u00f3n de su celebraci\u00f3n, que nuestra ciudad ha mantenido a trav\u00e9s de los siglos, es por lo que he visto este hecho apropiado para comenzar con la divulgaci\u00f3n de festividades, momentos, lugares y acontecimientos que han tenido y tienen nuestras calles y plazas como escenario.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La festividad del Corpus Christi, que se conmemora transcurridos sesenta d\u00edas desde el Domingo de Resurrecci\u00f3n, fue instituida por el papa Urbano IV en 1264, aunque el inicio de su celebraci\u00f3n se debe a la religiosa agustina, Juliana de Cornill\u00f3n, que profes\u00f3 en un monasterio-leproser\u00eda, siendo la ciudad belga de Lieja la primera que lo conmemor\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Seguramente, casi todos hemos hecho menci\u00f3n de ese conocido aforismo que dice \u201cTres jueves hay en el a\u00f1o que relucen m\u00e1s que el sol: Jueves Santo, Corpus Christi y el d\u00eda de la Ascensi\u00f3n\u201d; pues bien, ese tr\u00edo de jueves festivos ha quedado reducido a uno, y no siempre, ni en todos los puntos de nuestra geograf\u00eda, porque el Jueves Santo, \u00fanico de los tres originales que conserva su car\u00e1cter vacacional, ha sido convertido en \u201cmoneda de cambio\u201d con otros d\u00edas en algunas de nuestras comunidades para acomodarlos a puentes o prolongar fines de semana.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trataremos el Corpus veratense, del que tenemos referencia desde el d\u00eda 20 de octubre de 1573 cuando el rey (Felipe II) en contestaci\u00f3n a lo solicitado por el Concejo, presidido por el alcalde mayor Rodrigo de Castro, dice que da \u201clizen\u00e7ia y facultad para que de los propios y rentas de la dicha \u00e7iudad se pudiesen gastar en la dicha fiesta diez mil maraved\u00edes\u201d,<\/strong> y a\u00f1ade el monarca, \u201csin que por ello caygays ni yncurrays en pena alguna\u201d<\/strong>. La autorizaci\u00f3n, concedida por un plazo de seis a\u00f1os, hac\u00eda necesario el permiso real para gastar dinero de los fondos propios municipales o de cualquier renta que perteneciera al Consistorio.<\/p>\n\n\n

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Transcurrido el plazo mencionado, en 1579, el Concejo de Vera recibe una nueva Real Provisi\u00f3n, a petici\u00f3n de quien entonces era la primera autoridad municipal, Garci \u00c1lvarez de Soto, en parecidos t\u00e9rminos y por la misma cantidad, aunque el periodo se\u00f1alado para efectuar el gasto se ampl\u00eda a una d\u00e9cada; si tenemos en cuenta que no se incrementa el importe, podemos deducir que los fondos de la tesorer\u00eda municipal eran m\u00e1s exiguos que en a\u00f1os anteriores.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A pesar de no encontrarse m\u00e1s documentos sobre esta festividad, sin embargo, en las actas capitulares se nombran, con frecuencia, a \u201ccaballeros comisarios\u201d, a\u00f1os despu\u00e9s llamados \u201cdiputados de fiestas\u201d, que eran designados para la organizaci\u00f3n y administraci\u00f3n de la conmemoraci\u00f3n del Corpus. Esta elecci\u00f3n figuraba como puntos rutinarios del orden del d\u00eda; en ocasiones, a los elegidos se les hacen observaciones curiosas, como la reflejada el 19 de mayo de 1736 a Luis de Casta\u00f1eda y Antonio de Soto, a los que en el cabildo celebrado ese d\u00eda el alcalde mayor, Pedro de la Cueva, y los regidores del Concejo les advierten de que \u201cno se gaste m\u00e1s de aquello preziso, atento a los cortos medios con que esta ciudad se alla\u201d<\/strong>. A pesar de la devoci\u00f3n que le profesaban al d\u00eda del \u201cCorpus Domini\u201d, como tambi\u00e9n se le llamaba en ocasiones, el gasto p\u00fablico era muy controlado.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En los a\u00f1os finales del siglo XVIII se comienza la construcci\u00f3n de altares a lo largo del recorrido procesional, tal y como hoy ocurre; en ocasiones, estos trabajos originaban deudas de dif\u00edcil cobro: el 26 de julio de 1788 Pedro Jos\u00e9 Galindo exige al alarife Mat\u00edas L\u00f3pez el pago de 147 reales de vell\u00f3n y 22 maraved\u00edes por el papel de caroca (utilizado para decorados y efectos visuales) retirado de su establecimiento para el montaje de uno de los altares. El expediente se encuentra en el Archivo Hist\u00f3rico Provincial por lo que no podemos conocer el resultado del pleito.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

El 1 de enero de 1780 es nombrado, por primera vez, un comisario de fiestas, recayendo el cargo en Francisco Esc\u00e1nez Casquet, que se ocupar\u00eda de gestionar especialmente las de la Candelaria, San Cleof\u00e1s y el Corpus. A\u00f1os m\u00e1s tarde le asignaron presupuesto a cada una de ellas, estipulando para esta \u00faltima un importe de 150 reales, cantidad que parec\u00eda exigua, pero que, al menos, permit\u00eda al responsable de la organizaci\u00f3n conocer sus limitaciones en el aspecto econ\u00f3mico.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ya muy avanzado el siglo XIX, en su \u00faltimo tercio, la festividad toma auge y parte del esplendor, que tal vez fue perdiendo a trav\u00e9s de los a\u00f1os, lo recupera con la iniciativa del Ayuntamiento de convocar un concurso para la construcci\u00f3n de un altar monumental en la plaza Mayor. Este altar hac\u00eda a\u00f1os que se montaba con este fin, aunque no se puede fijar una fecha en concreto ya que el pliego de condiciones menciona \u201cque se proceda a la subasta en la licitaci\u00f3n p\u00fablica del altar que el Ayuntamiento viene en la costumbre de hacer en la plaza Mayor de esta Ciudad\u201d<\/strong>, sin precisar el inicio de esa costumbre.<\/p>\n\n\n

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La subasta era pregonada por el \u201cvoz p\u00fablica\u201d (pregonero) y ten\u00eda lugar a las 12 horas en la sala capitular; era una subasta inversa, es decir, el Ayuntamiento se\u00f1alaba un precio de partida y los candidatos iban baj\u00e1ndolo hasta que se deten\u00eda la puja porque, de seguir disminuyendo el precio, el ganador de la subasta no obtendr\u00eda beneficio o este ser\u00eda muy escaso. Acud\u00edan carpinteros veratenses y comarcales para optar a la adjudicaci\u00f3n. La de 1873 fue otorgada a Francisco de Paula Segura Silvente, por un importe de 195 pesetas, que el Consistorio deb\u00eda atender, y el adjudicatario se responsabilizaba de su construcci\u00f3n e iluminaci\u00f3n los d\u00edas del Corpus de los cuatro a\u00f1os siguientes. El otro altar monumental, del que existe documentaci\u00f3n catalogada, construido en 1877, no fue subastado; el trabajo se adjudic\u00f3 mediante la presentaci\u00f3n de presupuesto, al no presentarse postores. El Concejo rechaza el presentado por Nicol\u00e1s Caparr\u00f3s Garc\u00eda al estimar que los 2.000 reales en los que valor\u00f3 su trabajo eran excesivos, otorgando la construcci\u00f3n a Jos\u00e9 Antonio Garc\u00eda Rodr\u00edguez, quien la acept\u00f3 \u201csiempre que<\/strong> el Ayuntamiento se lo adjudique por cuatro a\u00f1os, o sea el corriente por ochocientos reales y los tres restantes en mil cuatrocientos cada uno\u201d<\/strong>. Se incluy\u00f3 una cl\u00e1usula en el contrato que permit\u00eda prolongar los cuatro a\u00f1os en caso de que en ese plazo \u201cpor cualquier circunstancia dejase de celebrarse esta funci\u00f3n\u201d. <\/strong>Esa eventualidad se produce, por lo que en junio de 1878 el alcalde, Francisco Canga Arg\u00fcelles, accede a prolongar un a\u00f1o m\u00e1s el plazo estipulado al estar la plaza \u201cobstruida con motivo de los materiales acopiados en la misma para las obras de la casa Ayuntamiento\u201d.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/a> La tradici\u00f3n se mantiene en nuestras calles, donde podemos ver altares para recibir y acoger al Sant\u00edsimo Sacramento en su recorrido procesional. Evito citar todos por temor a la omisi\u00f3n involuntaria de alguno de ellos, pero muchos recordamos los levantados en las calles Mayor, Jos\u00e9 G\u00f3mez, Isabel la Cat\u00f3lica\u2026 por mencionar los primeros del itinerario. Llegados a este punto no podemos olvidar a tantas personas que dejaron muestras de su arte en la elaboraci\u00f3n y decoraci\u00f3n de ellos y que, me abstendr\u00e9 de nombrar, para no caer en el grave pecado del olvido de algunas de ellas, porque, adem\u00e1s, creo que est\u00e1n en la memoria de todos.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hoy, con la modificaci\u00f3n del d\u00eda de su celebraci\u00f3n, al ser trasladado al domingo siguiente de su fecha real, solo algunas ciudades con gran tradici\u00f3n en esta fiesta Eucar\u00edstica como Toledo, Sevilla, Granada\u2026 mantienen el jueves como d\u00eda grande; sin embargo, aunque en nuestra ciudad tambi\u00e9n se desplaz\u00f3 su fecha secular, desde el 15 de junio de 2006, partiendo de la ermita de San Ram\u00f3n, se celebra lo que ya se conoce como el \u201cCorpus Chico\u201d, que recorriendo parte del \u201cbarrio nazareno\u201d que componen las calles de la Plata, de San Sebasti\u00e1n y Mayor, con la colaboraci\u00f3n de los vecinos que realizan elaborados altares para engrandecer el recorrido, se esfuerza por ser un rescoldo de aquel \u201cjueves que reluc\u00eda m\u00e1s que el sol\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gabriel Flores Garrido.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

30 de mayo de 2024<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Traducci\u00f3n de Francisco Javier Mart\u00ednez:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

CORPUS CHRISTI: GREAT HOLIDAY SINCE THE 16TH CENTURY. GABRIEL FLORES GARRIDO<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Article written by Gabriel Flores Garrido, official chronicler of Vera (Almer\u00eda)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

CORPUS CHRISTI: GREAT HOLIDAY SINCE THE 16TH CENTURY<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Perhaps the soon-to-be celebrated Corpus Christi holiday is a good reason to begin my work, from the position of official chronicler of Vera, which has been generously assigned to me.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/a> Because of its significance for the Catholic world, constituting one of the pillars of its faith, because of its coincidence in time with the aforementioned appointment and because of the tradition of its celebration, which our city has maintained through the centuries, this is why I have seen this fact as appropriate to begin with the divulgation of festivities, moments, places and events that have had and have our streets and squares as a setting.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The festival of Corpus Christi, which is commemorated sixty days after Easter Sunday, was instituted by Pope Urban IV in 1264, although the beginning of its celebration is due to the Augustinian nun, Juliana de Cornill\u00f3n, who professed in a monastery. -leprosarium, the Belgian city of Liege being the first to commemorate it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Surely, almost all of us have mentioned that well-known aphorism that says \u201cThere are three Thursdays in the year that shine brighter than the sun: Holy Thursday, Corpus Christi and the day of the Ascension\u201d; Well, that trio of festive Thursdays has been reduced to one, and not always, nor in all parts of our geography, because Holy Thursday, the only one of the three originals that retains its holiday character, has been converted into \u201ccurrency of change\u201d with other days in some of our communities to accommodate long weekends or extend weekends.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We will deal with the Veratense Corpus, of which we have reference since October 20, 1573 when the king (Philip II) in response to what was requested by the Council, chaired by the mayor Rodrigo de Castro, says that it gives \u201clicense and power to that ten thousand maraved\u00edes could be spent from the city’s own property and income on the said festival,\u00bb and the monarch adds, \u00abwithout incurring any penalty.\u00bb The authorization, granted for a period of six years, made royal permission necessary to spend money from the municipal own funds or from any income that belonged to the Consistory.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

After the aforementioned period had passed, in 1579, the Council of Vera received a new Royal Provision, at the request of who was then the first municipal authority, Garci \u00c1lvarez de Soto, in similar terms and for the same amount, although the period indicated to carry out the spending expands to a decade; If we take into account that the amount does not increase, we can deduce that the funds in the municipal treasury were smaller than in previous years.\nDespite not finding more documents about this festivity, however, in the chapter minutes, \u201cgentlemen commissioners\u201d are frequently named, years later called \u201cdeputies of festivals,\u201d who were designated for the organization and administration of the commemoration. of Corpus. This election was listed as a routine item on the agenda; Sometimes, curious observations are made to those elected, such as the one reflected on May 19, 1736 to Luis de Casta\u00f1eda and Antonio de Soto, to whom in the town hall held that day the mayor, Pedro de la Cueva, and the Council members warn them not to \"spend more than necessary, paying attention to the short means with which this city is there.\" Despite the devotion they professed to the day of \u201cCorpus Domini\u201d, as it was also sometimes called, public spending was very controlled.\nIn the final years of the 18th century, the construction of altars began along the processional route, just as it happens today; Sometimes, these works gave rise to debts that were difficult to collect: on July 26, 1788, Pedro Jos\u00e9 Galindo demanded from the builder Mat\u00edas L\u00f3pez the payment of 147 reales de vell\u00f3n and 22 maraved\u00edes for the caroca paper (used for decorations and visual effects) removed from their establishment for the assembly of one of the altars. The file is in the Provincial Historical Archive so we cannot know the outcome of the lawsuit.\nOn January 1, 1780, a commissioner of festivals was appointed for the first time, the position falling to Francisco Esc\u00e1nez Casquet, who would be in charge of managing especially those of Candelaria, San Cleof\u00e1s and Corpus Christi. Years later they assigned a budget to each of them, stipulating for the latter an amount of 150 reais, an amount that seemed exiguous, but which, at least, allowed the person in charge of the organization to know his limitations in the economic aspect.\nAlready very late in the 19th century, in its last third, the festival takes off and part of the splendor, which perhaps was lost over the years, is recovered with the initiative of the City Council to call a competition for the construction of a monumental altar in the Plaza Mayor. This altar had been set up for this purpose for years, although a specific date cannot be set since the specifications mention \u201cthat the auction be carried out in the public tender for the altar that the City Council is in the habit of doing in the Plaza Mayor of this City\u201d, without specifying the beginning of that custom.
\nThe auction was proclaimed by the \u201cpublic voice\u201d (crier) and took place at 12 noon in the chapter house; It was a reverse auction, that is, the City Council set a starting price and the candidates lowered it until the bidding stopped because, if the price continued to decrease, the winner of the auction would not obtain a profit or it would be very little. Veratense and regional carpenters came to apply for the award. That of 1873 was awarded to Francisco de Paula Segura Silvente, for an amount of 195 pesetas, which the Consistory had to attend to, and the successful bidder was responsible for its construction and lighting on Corpus Christi days of the following four years. The other monumental altar, for which there is cataloged documentation, built in 1877, was not auctioned; The work was awarded through the presentation of a budget, as no bidders showed up. The Council rejects the proposal presented by Nicol\u00e1s Caparr\u00f3s Garc\u00eda, estimating that the 2,000 reales at which he valued his work were excessive, granting the construction to Jos\u00e9 Antonio Garc\u00eda Rodr\u00edguez, who accepted it \u201cas long as the City Council awards it to him for four years, that is the current one for eight hundred reales and the remaining three for one thousand four hundred each.\u201d A clause was included in the contract that allowed the four years to be extended in the event that within that period \u201cfor any circumstance this function ceased to be held.\u201d This eventuality occurred, so in June 1878 the mayor, Francisco Canga Arg\u00fcelles, agreed to extend the stipulated period for another year as the square was \u201cobstructed due to the materials collected there for the works on the Town Hall house. \u201d.\nThe tradition is maintained in our streets, where we can see altars to receive and welcome the Blessed Sacrament on its processional route. I avoid mentioning all of them for fear of involuntary omission of some of them, but many of us remember those built on Mayor, Jos\u00e9 G\u00f3mez, Isabel la Cat\u00f3lica streets... to mention the first ones on the itinerary. At this point we cannot forget so many people who left samples of their art in the elaboration and decoration of them and who, I will refrain from naming, so as not to fall into the serious sin of forgetting some of them, because, in addition, I believe that are in everyone.\nToday, with the modification of the day of its celebration, as it is moved to the Sunday following its actual date, only some cities with a great tradition in this Eucharistic feast such as Toledo, Seville, Granada... maintain Thursday as a big day; However, although in our city its secular date was also moved, since June 15, 2006, starting from the hermitage of San Ram\u00f3n, what is now known as the \u201cCorpus Chico\u201d has been celebrated, which tours part of the \u201cNazarene  neighborhood\u201d that make up the streets of La Plata, San Sebasti\u00e1n and Mayor, with the collaboration of the neighbors who make elaborate altars to enhance the route, strives to be a remnant of that \u201cThursday that shone brighter than the sun.\u201d\nGabriel Flores Garrido.\nMay 30, 2024<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
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Art\u00edculo escrito por Gabriel Flores Garrido, cronista oficial de Vera (Almer\u00eda). Includes English version at the end. Includes English version at the end (elaborada por Francisco Javier Mart\u00ednez Castro).<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":5185,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[20,182,109],"tags":[32,100,226,401],"class_list":["post-5172","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-colaboraciones","category-costumbres","category-historia","tag-cristianismo","tag-gabriel-flores-garrido","tag-iglesia","tag-procesiones"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.vera.es\/cultura\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5172","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.vera.es\/cultura\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.vera.es\/cultura\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.vera.es\/cultura\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.vera.es\/cultura\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5172"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/blog.vera.es\/cultura\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5172\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5331,"href":"https:\/\/blog.vera.es\/cultura\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5172\/revisions\/5331"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.vera.es\/cultura\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/5185"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.vera.es\/cultura\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5172"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.vera.es\/cultura\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5172"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.vera.es\/cultura\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5172"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}